1. Nationwide respondents rate 10 out of 27 governance indicators of the Federal Government positively ¹ compared to only 6 indicators rated positively in 2015
2. Governance in Punjab is rated the highest across nationwide respondents with 67% approval rating followed by Governance of KP at 38%; Governance in Balochistan at 26% while Sindh is rated the lowest nationwide with 25% approval rating of its Governance
3. Respondents from KP rate KP governance most positively on 18 out of 25 governance indicators; Punjab respondents rate 15 out of 25 indicators positively, followed by Balochistan at 12 out of 25 while respondents from Sindh rate only 2 indicators out of 25 positively
4. Only 35% of respondents are hopeful of an improved performance by the ECP in the next General Election, compared to 38% in 2015
5. Nationwide respondents term terrorism as the biggest current issue followed by inflation and energy crisis; in 2015 energy crisis was rated as the biggest issue

October 25; Public Approval Ratings for the Federal Government, though has shown improvement from 2015, remains negative on most governance indicators as per PILDAT’s Public Opinion Poll on the Quality of Governance and Democracy during the third year of the Currently Elected Federal and Provincial Governments, June 2015-May 2016. The Federal Government has received positive Approval Ratings on 10 out of 27 Governance indicators compared to 2015 Public Opinion Poll by PILDAT in which respondents rated positively 6 out of 25 indicators.

These public views are part of a PILDAT Nationwide Public Opinion Poll on the Quality of Governance and Democracy in Pakistan upon the completion of the third year of the current Federal and Provincial Governments. This poll was conducted between August 11-August 31, 2016 and included 3,610 Pakistani citizens from rural and urban areas and 85 districts across Pakistan.

The Federal Government received its highest Approval Rating for the Governance indicator on Immunization of Children (77%). At the lowest rung was Management of Unemployment for which Federal Government received the lowest Approval Rating at 31%. The Approval Rating of the Federal Government has crossed the 50% mark and became positive on 4 Governance indicators since 2015 namely: Development Programmes with approval rating of 54% in 2016 compared to 44% in 2015; Use of Technologies for Better Governance rated positively by 54% respondents in 2016 compared to 48% in 2015; Foreign Policy Management with 54% approval rating in 2016 compared to 44% in 2015 and Tax Collection which received 53% approval rating in 2016 compared to 38% in 2015.

A comparative assessment of Federal Government's Approval Rating on individual Governance indicators is given in Table 1:

Table 1: Federal Government�s Comparative Scorecard (National Evaluation) 2016

Legend: Green colour depicts Approval Rating for the Indicator is more than 50% while Red colour indicates Approval Rating for the indicator is less than 50%.

Public Perception of Performance of Premier slides
58% of the nationwide respondents have termed Prime Minister’s performance positively in 2016 while 41% have rated it negatively. This has seen a sharp decline of 15 percentage points from 73% approval rating in 2015.

Figure 1: Public Perception of the Performance of the Prime Minister

Governance in Punjab is rated the highest among the four provinces across nationwide respondents with 67% approval rating. Governance in KP has received second position with 38% nationwide respondents rating it positively. Governance in Balochistan has been rated positively by 26% respondents while governance of Sindh is rated the lowest nationwide with 25% approval rating (Table 2).

When respondents were asked to evaluate performance of their own province on individual Governance indicators, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa received the most positive Approval Ratings for 18 out of 25 indicators (in 2015 the KP residents had rated 17 out of 25 indicators positively). KP is followed by Punjab where Punjab residents have positively rated 15 out of 25 indicators (in 2015 the residents had rated 8 out of 25 indicators positively). Balochistan has bagged the third position with Balochistan respondents positively rating 12 out of 25 indicators. Governance in Balochistan has received the highest improvements in public opinion in the past one year as the respondents from Balochistan had only rated 1 out 25 indicators positively in 2015. For the second consecutive year, Sindh once again is at the bottom where Sindh respondents have only rated 2 indicators out of 25 positively. The highest Approval Rating for any provincial Governance indicator was accorded to the Punjab for Immunization of Children at 83%. The lowest Approval Ratings of 12% were accorded to Sindh on the Governance indicators of Poverty Alleviation and Management of Unemployment.

Table 2: How did nationwide respondents rate governance in provinces?

 

Table 3 shows a comparison between province-wise Approval Ratings accorded for each individual Governance indicator in 2016 from the residents of each province.

Table 3: Provincial Governance Approval Ratings 2016

Legend: Green colour depicts Approval Rating for the Indicator is more than 50% while Red colour indicates Approval Rating for the indicator is less than 50%.

Figure 2: Number of Indicators Rated Positively for Each Provincial Government

 

Public Opinion on the Overall Quality of Democracy remains positive
While majority of the respondents (54%) nationwide remained confident and positive about the quality of democracy in Pakistan in 2016, this has seen a decline by 4 percentage points from 2015 when 58% respondents rated it positively.

Public opinion on Quality of Democracy was gauged using 8 Indicators out of which 5 indicators have received positive public approval ratings. These include: 

It is interesting to note that there is a divergence of 13 percentage points between Government’s performance at ensuring freedom of the media, and the media’s performance in ensuring balanced and responsible coverage. A public Approval Rating of 64%, the highest amongst all Core Democracy Indicators, shows that the although respondents are highly satisfied by the Government’s performance in ensuring media’s freedom, their perception of a balanced and responsible coverage in turn by the media itself hangs in balance (an Approval Rating of 51%) and can swing either way.

The overall picture points to a continued trust in democracy but one that is nuanced and qualified. It is pertinent to point out the Public Perception is neither highly Satisfied nor Dissatisfied on any of the Indicators as the highest Approval Rating goes up to 64% and the lowest goes down to 47%, pointing to a very large proportion of Respondents who are sitting on the fence and may change their opinion based on the next 2 years of the current democratic and electoral cycle.

Table 4: Public Opinion Scorecard on Quality of Democracy: 2016

The Election Commission of Pakistan continues to suffer from negative public perception as only 35% of nationwide respondents are hopeful of an improved performance by the ECP in the next General Election. This has seen a 3 percentage point decline since 2015 when 38% believed the ECP would improve its performance in conducting future General Election. 28% Respondents have serious doubts about the Election Commission and believe that the ECP’s performance will fare worse in the next elections. 32% of all respondents believe that the ECP’s performance at holding free and fair elections in the country will be no different from holding earlier elections.

Biggest Current Issue Facing Pakistan is seen to be Terrorism
The biggest current issue seen to be facing Pakistan in 2016 was Terrorism by 23% of all respondents. In 2015 Public Opinion Poll, the greatest issue was termed to be Energy Crises by 25% of all respondents. Inflation and Unemployment had been seen as amongst the greatest issues in 2015 and continue to be seen that way in 2016. It is noteworthy that Corruption has made its way into the top five issues facing Pakistan as 12% of all respondents term it as the biggest problem in the country.

Table 5: Biggest Current Issue Facing Pakistan

In the provincial breakdown on what is perceived as the biggest issue facing the country, respondents of Balochistan have termed terrorism to be the biggest current issue (according to 28% of the province�s respondents). Respondents of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa have termed Energy Crisis (according to 29% of the province�s respondents) as the biggest issue. Respondents from Punjab have also viewed Terrorism as the biggest current issue (according to 26% of the province's respondents), while respondents from Sindh highlighted inflation as the biggest current issue facing the country (according to 22% of the province�s respondents).

When asked what are the chances that Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, during his current tenure, will be able to perform well in solving some of the key issues, the highest 58% respondents believed that the Premier could improve the economy. Least number of survey respondents, i.e. 25%, believed that Prime Minister could improve relations with India during his tenure.

Table 6: Possibility of Prime Minister Solving Country�s Problems in his Tenure

Police is the least Trusted Institution
Police enjoys the lowest public trust as only 18% nationwide respondents have rated it positively. Trust in police has seen a 14 percentage point decline in 1 year as 32% respondents in 2015 had shown trust in Police. On the other hand, Armed Forces are termed as the most trusted institution with 76% approval rating in 2016 compared to 75% in 2015. Figure 2 depicts trust in State institutions:

Figure 3: Trust in Institutions

It is interesting to note that the Armed Forces (Approval Rating of 73% in 2014, 75% in 2015, and 76% in 2016), followed by the Supreme Court/High Courts (Approval Rating of 62% in 2014, 63% in 2015, and 62% in 2016) have consistently remained the most trusted institutions in the country over the course of the past three years.

Detailed Reports can be accessed at the following links :

Public Opinion on Quality of Governance 2016

Public Opinion on Quality of Democracy 2016

 

Methodology
The PILDAT nationwide poll was conducted during August 11-August 31, 2016 following the completion of the third year of the Federal and Provincial Governments in office. The respondents for the survey included 3,610 citizens from rural and urban areas from 85 districts of all the four Provinces of Pakistan, using Systematic Random Sampling Approach. The fieldwork for the report was done in face-to-face interviews in respondents’ homes. The sample is also based on a cross-section of various age, income, education and language groups of the population. Error margin is estimated to be approximately 3-5% at 95% confidence level. The profile of the selected sample matches closely with the profile of the overall population of Pakistan. For a detailed comparison and explanation, please see the chapter on Methodology

Disclaimer
PILDAT’s Public Opinion Poll on the Quality of Democracy and Governance is separate from its independent assessments of the quality of governance and democracy, which are reports based on the analysis of data collected along the lines of indigenously designed indicators about the performance under various parameters, both at the Federal and Provincial level.

The Public Opinion Poll is an independent initiative of PILDAT and no Provincial or Federal Government has commissioned or sponsored this initiative.

References:

(1). Positive Approval Ratings are calculated by combining percentage of responses under the categories of �Very Good� and �Good.� Those indicators that receive equal or more than 50% combined positive responses are termed as Positive Approval ratings.